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White Balance in Photography
White balance is the method used in digital photography to neutralize the colors of a photograph. The goal is to have the colors in the photo look the same as their real counterparts. The color correction is done by balancing the neutral colors (white or gray) to a certain value, hence the name of the technique.
An incorrect white balance will result in a yellow or blue cast over the whole colors of the photo. The type of the color distortion depends on the light source in use when the photograph was taken. Those of lower color temperature (incandescent lighting or sunny sky) tend to produce the yellow casts, while those of the higher temperatures (fluorescent lighting and cloudy sky) are usually responsible for the blue cast.
Such is usually the problem of using automatic white balancing. It is more convenient to outdoor photography, but it still may yield bad results both in outdoors and indoors. And since it tries to guess the color cast, the balanced colors are not usually the best. This is because the objects inside a photograph may confuse the guessing algorithm. Like when a photograph is full of blue elements, the automatic white balancer will make the photo more warm, which is not desired.
Obviously, the camera cannot automatically differentiate between different light sources. When using automatic white balance settings, all what the camera does is to guess the correct color balance based on the current one. That's when preset white balance becomes handy. These preset settings correct the colors based on the color temperature of the specified light source. Most digital cameras come with preset white balance options, and they are usually preferred in certain condition when the automatic white balance fails to give acceptable results.
Arranged by increasing color temperature, the most famous preset settings are Tungsten, Fluorescent, Daylight, Clouds, and Shade. Despite the names, these settings are far from giving an optimum color balance too, but still, they can be used to tune it. When your photo seems too cool (blue) in your LCD viewfinder, use a setting of higher color temperature to make it warmer. A similar technique can be used for the opposite situation in which low temperature sources settings make the photograph cooler.
Some cameras come with a custom white balance mode in which you point your camera to a neutral colored object (white or gray), and the camera will neutralize the color and calculate the desired balance accordingly. In advanced camera which support RAW formats, the white balance settings can be adjusted later using special software.
White balance can also be used creatively to distort the colors of your images on purpose. Doing so, you will be able to change the mood of your picture instantly. So, give it a try.
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